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INTRODUCTION:
The name Crossfire resembles a roaring dirt bike, racing its way through the biking tracks. Among the many Dirt bikes available in Nepal, Crossfire is really popular. It is majorly due to the product range that varies from affordable to feature packed expensive dirt bikes. The Tracker 250 is one of the popular variants of crossfire that can be seen racing through the city tracks, wildest terrains and everyday streets, making it a combination of the best of both worlds. It is tagged as the everyday offroader and is filled with very unique and model specific features and specifications to support its duality.

BODY OVERVIEW:
This Tracker 250 is a well-revised and updated version of its older predecessor and has many external and internal upgrades and changes that will be a fit for all. There are significant physical changes on this new Tracker 250. The frame is made of an advanced steel tube single beam frame that helps the bike to improve cornering performance, traction feel and bump stability has also improved. An upgrade from the halogen headlamps from the previous version, this model has a “Baja” (pronounced as BAHA) inspired retro looking DRL LED headlamps and indicators that gives excellent visibility. The narrow and tapered look, along with other elements makes the bike seem even more sleek and stylish. Handlebar position is a standard upright position which helps maintain balance by placing the body in the central part of the bike during both on and off road rides. The side mirrors too have an outward placement. This new version has an upgraded digital console. The LCD display shows speedometer, odometer, fuel meter, clock, gear shift indicators and more. A USB charging port is placed just below the digital console, which is going to be very helpful for everyday users.
Maintaining the bike’s tapered and slim look, the shape of the fuel tank has been narrowed down. To maintain a center of gravity during rides, the seats are made wider which is more comfortable than the previous version. Pillion seats levitate above the rear tyres, giving it a very futuristic look. Even the aluminum skid plates and rubber footpegs are upgraded in this new version of the Tracker 250. The exhaust and the framework in the rear section completely goes with the overall aesthetic and look of this retro-modern everyday offroader. To support the LED electrical system, tail and rear indicator lights are LED as well. The indicator lights are sleek and edgy and the tail light is raised to a point that makes it look like it is commanding the trails in the dark.

SPECIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE:
The tracker 250 has a 223 cc single-cylinder, four-stroke, 2-valve, air-cooled, carburetor engine with a BS4 compliant and a signature crossfire stamp on its exterior. This engine generates 12.5KW @8000 rpm of power and 17 NM @ 5500 rpm of torque, which is surprisingly fewer than the older version. This bike’s power and engine performance is specially fine-tuned and optimized for the nepalese road conditions and trails. Tracker 250 only supports electric start. Because the engine is optimized for both on and off road travels, it claims the title of being the everyday offroader. A major upgrade can be seen in the gearbox. This version is matted with a 6 speed manual transmission box and a manual wet multiplate clutch, which makes the bike able to massively increase its acceleration for both daily usage and off-road traveling. Bike’s top speed is 110kmph. The 7.5 liters fuel tank capacity is able to give an average mileage of 30 kmpl, which means one full tank can give the rider a 200+ km travel distance. Even though the bike is 2 kgs heavier than its older version; 117kg, it is a very fast bike.

DIMENSIONS:
The front wheels measure 19” 80/100 and the rear wheels measure 16” 120/90. If tubeless tyres were used in this heavy duty racer, this bike would be the beast of all, but the 265mm wide wavy disc plates on the wheels does make it special. The suspension system is equipped with a highly capable telescopic suspension with front fork boots that can make rides in the urban cities and tough trails super smooth and without any strain. Ground clearance is 278mm and wheelbase is 1315mm which compliments Tracker 250’s slender body. Suspension travel is 180mm in the front and 35mm in the rear which is acceptable for the terrains the tracker 250 aims to ride through. According to the manufacturer, the braking system is made more accurate than the previous version, but ABS still seems to be missing. The 200mm front and 180mm rear disc plates dual disc braking system can be considered to be the all-rounder.
CONCLUSION:
Tracker 250’s upgraded version has now widened their customer horizon from everyday users to users riding the bike for adventure. Seeing the older versions popularity as the bike was sold out within the first month of its launch, Crossfire wanted to revamp the bike again and launch it very specifically for the Nepali market. Tracker 250 could have waited for a little while to at least equip ABS braking, FI engine ran tubeless wheels into the bike, which could have given them a competitive advantage in the market. Tracker 250’s customer base is the combination of people who want to ride to their office during the weekdays and go trail hunting on the weekends. Priced at Rs. 4,10,000, Crossfire Tracker 250 is actually praise worthy for the dual features and specifications it provides at this price range.

Step 1: Bike ko cover lai hataera euta safa kapada le dusting garnu important cha.
Step 2: Fuel valve lai on garepachi, euta screwdriver le battery compartment cover lai kholnu parcha.
Step 3: Detach gariyeko battery ko wire lai reattach garera yo cover lai afno original thau ma screw garnu parcha.
Step 4: Bike lai key ko help bata on garera vital lighting ra electrical system check garepachi, bike off garera 3-4 patak kick start garna parcha.
Step 5: Last ma bike lai feri on garera kick start garera bike lai start gari, normally use garna sakchau.

Taro was established in the year 2000, and their products majorly revolve around sports bike enthusiasts. This is an Italian brand with a production house based in China. Taro Bikes are majorly known for medium and large displacement pedal engine, frame, LCD instrument, lamps and plastic parts. The company just launched Imola 150cc in Nepal, which is actually rare for a sports bike manufacturer. Similar to Benelli’s entrance in the scooter sector, Taro has also put its expertise into scooter manufacturing. It is the exact opposite to Benelli’s simple city scooter. Its features and specifications are really interesting and unique.

BODY OVERVIEW:
Imola’s design is heavily influenced by its sports bike. The overall body has a sporty and aggressive stance. Even though the scooter’s body is plastic made, its kerb weight is 137 kgs, a bit on the heavy side. It has sharp V-shaped LED headlamps, lengthier side mirrors and thus the overall frontal body looks more pointed. The scooter only supports electric starting and has a very different ignition technique. Similar to Four-wheelers, it has a keyless starting that only requires a button press. Instrument cluster is uniquely placed and is a combination of analog and digital dashboards. The main speedometer is analog along with two small digital instrument clusters on the sides of the main speedometer. This digital cluster shows important information such as fuel level, side indicator lights and more.

The elevated pillion seat is an eye-catching feature in the scooter's rear section. The two level seating on the scooter makes the pillion seat look lifted. Footpegs and even the rear mud guard is placed at an elevated position binding teh scooter’s aggressive looks. The LED tail lamps resemble gun barrels whereas the side indicators are of a boomerang shape. This also contributes to the sporty aggressive structure of Imola 150. The underseat storage is also opened using the keyless button press method, with a storage capacity of 25 liters. Overall this scooter heavily showcases sporty design and robotic looks.

SPECIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE:
It has a 149.6cc, Single-cylinder, 4-stroke, 4-valve, Air-Cooled OHC engine with a EURO4 emission standard. As strong as this scooter looks, the engine performs even stronger. This engine generates 8.6 kW@ 8000 rpm of power and 12.1 Nm@6000 rpm of torque. The transmission is an automatic CVT belt drive that automatically adjusts the speed to power ratio using the belt-driven pulleys. Being in the adventure sports category, the scooter’s top speed is estimated at 110kmph. It’s pickup and acceleration throttle are both smooth and responsive. The fuel tank capacity is 5.5 liter, like any other normal scooter that is familiar to nepali taste. But mileage is estimated at 30 kmpl, like a normal commuter scooter. Regardless it is a very fast and responsive scooter. Even though the weight is on the heavier side, it can reach from 0 to 100 km in just 6 seconds which is very impressive.

DIMENSIONS:
The wheels are 13 inch tubeless tyres that measure Front tyre 120/60-13 and Rear tyres 130/60-13. Its suspension setting is a front telescopic fork with 30mm travel and a rear single swing type suspension. The wheelbase is 1320mm and ground clearance is 145mm. This is good for double loads on any rough terrain and bumpy roads. In its braking system we can see a single disc 220mm CBS break on the front side and a single disc 195mm on the rear section. Scooter is also available in the ABS option. The combination of the scooter’s dimensions, wheels, suspension and braking setting makes it a highly equipped scooter with amazing performance.

CONCLUSION:
Taro is a fairly new company to enter into the two-wheeler’s scooter sector. On top of that, to compete with the popular household scooters like the Ray ZR and Ntorq, Imola must make itself stand in the crowd. The scooter lags in the most important feature: the Fuel injected engine as well as better mileage. Regardless, Taro Imalo 150cc is a one of a kind scooter specially being from a sport bike manufacturer background, consumers can expect more from it. It is priced at Rs. 3,30,000, inclining towards the premium sports scooter. It is available in gray, white and yellow color variants. This scooter will definitely grow on the consumers of Nepal, giving it a chance to prove its uniqueness to the consumers.

Step 1: Bike ko cover lai hataera euta safa kapada le dusting garnu important cha.

Step 2: Fuel valve lai on garepachi, euta screwdriver le battery compartment cover lai kholnu parcha.

Step 3: Detach gariyeko battery ko wire lai reattach garera yo cover lai afno original thau ma screw garnu parcha.

Step 4: Bike lai key ko help bata on garera vital lighting ra electrical system check garepachi, bike off garera 3-4 patak kick start garna parcha.

Step 5: Last ma bike lai feri on garera kick start garera bike lai start gari, normally use garna sakchau.

One of the most popular sectors of two-wheelers after scooters in Nepal are budget commuter bikes. From daily travels and errands to being used as convenient delivery vehicles, budget commuter bikes are a pack of simple features and more utility usage. Below listed are the top 3 most used and seen budget commuter bikes on the streets of the valley.

1. Bajaj Discover 125
Bajaj is a well-known name for good quality commuter bikes and are very densely seen in the streets of Nepal. The Discover variant was first launched in the early 2005’s and has been a hit ever since. The bike has a 124.5cc, Single-Cylinder, Air-cooled, SOHC, 2 valve DTS-I Engine, generating a max power of 11PS at 7500rpm and max torque of 11Nm at 5500rpm. It is provided with a 5-speed gearbox with an 8-liter fuel tank. The bikes mileage claims are at 60 kmpl. All these features make it a too-good to be true commuter bike at such a price range. It is priced between Rs. 2,00,900 to Rs. 2,21,900. Here are some of the features that make it different from many other options available:
● Modern yet Stylish Design
● LED DRL Headlamp and LED Tail Lamp
● Combination of Analog and Digital Instrument Cluster
● DC Lighting
● CBS Anti Skid Braking in Disc Variant
● Upright Seating Posture
● Telescopic Front and Twin Shock Suspension
● Easy Clutch
● Comfortably Cushioned Sea

2. Honda CB Shine
Honda has a very wide range of two-wheelers spread out across various sectors of the two-wheeler market. CB Shine is one of the most famous commuter bikes manufactured by Honda. It has a 125cc, air-cooled, single-cylinder, 4-stroke, SI engine with BS4 complaint and delivers 10.57 bhp of max power at 7,500 rpm and 10.3Nm of peak torque at 5,500 rpm. This bike is equipped with a carburetor motor connected to a 4-speed gearbox. Its top speed is estimated at 93 Kmph. with a 10.5 litre fuel tank, its estimated mileage is 60 kmpl. It is priced between Rs. 2,49,900 to Rs. 2,59,900. Here are some of the features of the Honda CB Shine:
- Modern Look with graphics and a 3D emblem
- Automatic Headlamp On (AHO)
- Trendy Black Front Visor
- Shiny Chrome Carburetor Cover
- Chrome Finish Muffler
- Honda Eco Technology (HET)
- 5 Step Adjustable Suspension
- Tubeless tyres

3. Hero Splendor iSmart 110
Hero is also one of the few two-wheeler manufacturers that produce well built commuter bikes at affordable prices. Hero’s Splendor is well known for being Hero Moto Corp’s very first ingeniously produced and manufactured motorcycle. This bike has a 109.15cc, single-chamber, air-cooled, OHC motor engine that can produce a maximum force of 8.98bhp at 7500rpm and a maximum torque of 9Nm at 5500rpm. Its gearbox is matted with a 4-speed transmission setting. With a 8.5-liter fuel tank, its estimated mileage is 55 kmpl and has a top speed of 92.1 kmph. Its price is Rs. 1,83,000. Some features of the iSmart 110 are listed below:
- Simple design with sporty graphics
- Continuously Headlamp On (AHO)
- Combination of analog and digital instrument console
- i3S Technology
- BS6 Complaint
- Tubeless tires
- Upscale Split Grab Rails

According to the Nepali Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Act 2049 B.S., “it is illegal to perform any kind of modification on vehicles.”

The above statement alone simply states that any sort of vehicle modifications are illegal in the context of Nepal. No certain limitations or variations are specified and this rule definitely is very vague and unsettling to many motorbike enthusiasts and riders.

Regardless, we can observe many two-wheelers and sometimes even four-wheelers with modifications on their exhausts, acceleration and the power it exerts.
Making vehicle modifications illegal, was done parallely with the ban of horns in public places in the early 2017’s.

The reason behind implementing such a rule was to control the outrageous noise pollution that was increasing in the valley. Vehicle modification is directly proportional to the loud exhaust modifications according to the traffic department and the government. On this day, if an individual is caught riding a bike with a loud exhaust; supposedly with bike modifications, they are subject to a hefty fine of Rs.7000 which can hike up to Rs.25,000.

No doubt that this is a responsible move by the Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Department on actions against noise pollution, but there must be limitations to every provision the government implements. Declaring vehicle modifications as an illegal act would require provisions to stop the flow of any object or element related to this act.

Instead, there are authorized stores and modification houses that provide various services to modify and amplify the vehicle's performance. This is a conflicting situation for both the modification service providers and the motorbike enthusiasts who continue to consume this service.
Modification devices and amplifiers are freely imported into the country.

This situation contradicts the government's law stating vehicle modifications to be illegal. There are numerous moto vloggers and youtubers creating videos about vehicle modification and where it stands in Nepal. It merely depends upon the traffic personnels mood to determine whether the modified vehicles will be confiscated or not. Sometimes these modified vehicles easily escape from the traffic personnel’s sight and sometimes they are punished with fines as heavy as Rs.25,000.

In conclusion, the authorized personnels still have not specified on the extent to which the bikes can be modified, creating a bubble of confusion that ultimately affects everyone.

Fatalities and casualties caused due to road accidents are no stranger incidents on the roads of Kathmandu and major cities all over Nepal. Road accidents are one of the leading causes of high rates of casualties in the busy cities. It is estimated that on an average there are 1084 lives affected due to the disability caused from road crash injuries per 100,000 people all over Nepal. It is an alarming rate of individuals whose lives are disrupted due to a minor carelessness of themselves or even the other drivers.
Due to a high two-wheeler culture in Nepal, the chances of casualties and fatalities due to road crashes are relatively higher than in other countries. Below mentioned are some important measures to prevent road crashes and maintain a safe riding experience to all individuals, specially the people on two-wheelers.

1. Helmets are a necessity for every two-wheeler rider; even cyclists. Nepali people often refuse to put on safety helmets to travel to very short destinations, which is not a solution to the increasing road accidents. Thus, safety helmets are required on every occasion.

2. Using the indicator lights on the two-wheeler must be done carefully, without distracting or confusing the other driver. As two individuals driving cannot communicate verbally, they must be able to alert the preceding driver on their next move and turn on the road.

3. Being a responsible citizen of the nation, one must be diligent enough to follow the road safety and traffic rules for their own and also others safety. Driving under the assigned speed limit, following the traffic signals and following certain traffic signs are necessary to maintain a continuous flow in the busy road system of the bustling cities.

4. It is vital to understand and predict the movements on the publicly shared road. Situational awareness is important for an individual to judge the scenario and act accordingly. A person who is familiar with a certain roadway, he/she is able to predict the flow of vehicles, traffic congestion and turning points of that pathway.

5. Correct usage of verbal signals such as the vehicle horn is crucial, that may prevent many road crashes. Regardless of the Nepal government restricting the excessive usage of vehicle horns due to skyrocketing noise pollution around critical areas such as hospitals and schools, vehicle horns act as a subtle indication to any sudden situation or emergency that could turn into a fatal accident. Thus, when required, horns must be used correctly on the busy roads.

In the world of two-wheelers, Honda is one of the brands that has earned its brand, tag and status. It is easily recognised among the brands considered to be the largest two-wheeler manufacturers in the entire globe. The company was initially founded by Soichiro Honda, in the year 1937. Honda established itself as a piston ring manufacturer for four wheelers and supplied it to companies like Toyota. As years passed and many changes came into the company, it evolved from a piston ring manufacturer and supplier to a dedicated two-wheeler manufacturer.
The company’s first invention was a improvised motorized bicycle, equipped with a 50cc engine, named the A-type. Further changes resulted in Honda producing their first complete motorcycle with frames and engine, in the year 1949 was named the D-type. By the year 1964, Honda Motors was declared the largest producer of motorbikes in the entire world. Ever Since, Honda as a manufacturer has ventured into producing fuel efficient four-wheelers, luxury cars, motor engines, jet engines and more. Expanding to a wider geographic arena, the entry of the Honda Civic Car into the United States, sparked a wider pool of customers for Honda, making it a household name and an increase in their world market share in the automobile industry as well.
Honda’s entrance in the Nepali Market can be dated back to the year 1968 A.D. With the initiation of Jyoti Group of Companies, in 1976, Syakar Company was established as the sole authorized importer and distributor of Honda two-wheelers, four-wheelers and power products. In the year 2011, the company officially changed its name to Syakar Trading Company and became a 100% subsidiary of Honda. Syakar Trading started distributing Honda four-wheelers
from the year 2002. Now the company stands tall with over 70 two-wheeler showrooms and 8 four-wheelers showrooms spread across the territory of Nepal.
Syakar Trading distributes Honda products that range from bikes, scooters, cars, and power products such as generators, water pumps, lawn mowers and more. Specifically the Nepali market heavily consumes Honda two-wheelers including the bikes and scooters. The most preferred Honda scooters include the Honda Dio and Honda Grazia and in terms of bikes Honda provides a wider range from commuter bikes such as the CB Shine and Unicorn to dirt bikes such as the XR and CRF series. Honda, in the Nepali market has proven to be an ultimate answer to all household as well as adventure needs.

Reliability, efficiency, consistency and quality are a few of the attributes the motorcycling pioneer honda brings to the table. That is the reason why Honda has been a household name here in Nepal. Honda has brought the newest iteration of its unsung hero of a motorcycle the XR150L. Honda XR 150 The Ultimate Dirt Slinger; has been one of the best-selling motorcycles here in Nepal since its introduction in 2013 and has come with its fair share of problems. Throughout the years Honda has gradually been gradually addressing the issues and hopefully this latest iteration completely resolves all the issues.

BODY OVERVIEW
Honda XR 150L is a comfortable, dependable, reliable and capable on and off roader. There is no change in the dimension, color graphics and any other visual attributes. Honda XR 150L comes in two color variations Black and Red. Honda XR 150L is the definition of the honda feel – Neat and Tidy and Functional. It has a relatively streamlined body and is not a very aggressive looking motorcycle. It gives off a pragmatic off roader look. It also has maintained the Honda Standard using a sturdy and durable material for the entire bike's body. It has a pleasant appeal which might not be sufficient to those desirous of a rather aggressive styling particularly today’s youth. However, it’s a pragmatic motorcycle designed to fit in the city streets and conquer the offroad environment, thus can be titled as the gentleman in the Dirt motorcycles arena.

ENGINE AND PERFORMANCE
It comes with a 149.15 CC, 4 stroke, single cylinder, air cooled, OHV engine carrying the spirit of legendary XR family that generates maximum power of 12.14 BHP at 7750 RPM and maximum torque of 12.5 NM at 6000 RPM and has a compression ratio of 9.5:1. The Honda XR150L is capable of riding in hectic traffic, weekend off road biking trips to chilled out cruising in the slippery highway roads. Upright but not so aggressive seating position, soft suspension, optimally positioned handlebar with wide and soft cushioned seat makes every journey comfortable and pleasant.
The motorcycle comes with a large 12 liters of fuel tank which is to this date unmatched by any other dirt bikes. It provides a mileage of 40 to 45 kmpl which is also an unthinkable number in the Dirt Bike arena. XR150L comes with an electric starter and a kick starter as a backup fail safety option. It is equipped with a 5 gears transmission system with the universal shift pattern. With a six speed transmission system, it would have been a lot more efficient on long highway cruises and a little less hard on the engine.

DIMENSIONS AND FEATURES
This bike has a 2100mm long and 820 mm wide body with wheelbase of 1360 mm, ground clearance of 245 mm and height of 1126 mm. Even though it looks tall, it is actually optimized for average ride height of Nepalese people giving them a comfortable riding experience on longer rides. Its dry weight is 129 kgs making it heavier and taller than its older sibling; the Honda XR190L. But it is still a fairly light motorcycle and can be managed and maneuvered very easily.
The XR 150L has a steel twin tube frame with a telescopic front suspension that gives 180mm of axle travel and mono suspension swingarm with 150mm of axle travel. Just like any other honda bikes, Honda XR150L is a very comfortable bike to ride. The seating position is upright but not very aggressive which is easier for both on and off-road purposes. The ergonomically placed handlebar doesn’t wear down your arms or back even after a fairly long ride. The adequately cushioned and quite wide seats unlike other dirt bikes are luxe to sit on for both the rider and pillion.
The bike is equally comfortable on city rides, long cruises and off-road rides. What the motorcycle lacks is its suspension and braking system. The telescopic suspension is of generic nature and is not sufficient for proper off roading. It’s imperative that an off road motorcycle gets a disc brake on the rear as well for hard braking requirement but the Honda XR150L comes with a dual piston caliper 240 mm disc brake on the front wheel of 90 x 90 R19 wheel and mechanical drum brake on the rear wheel of 110 x 90 R17 wheel. These brakes and wheels perform okay for normal rides but on loose dirt the bike skids. Nevertheless, the XR150L is a very nimble and responsive bike and is quite easy to maneuver. The tubular frame forms a very solid base and the bike even at a very high speed generates very low vibration.

FINAL VERDICTS AND CONCLUSION
The current iteration of XR150L is not different to its successor in terms of power and performance. But it’s a Honda after all and there isn’t much you can complain about. The initial pick up is phenomenal and the bike gives you the thrust that will enable you to conquer all terrains. But it doesn’t provide the explosive performance like other dirt bikes available in the market today and the absence of a rear disc brake is a deal breaker. But since the intention of the manufacturer behind creating XR150L is completely different from those bikes, that lack of explosive performance is justified by increased mileage and smooth riding experience. City rides and highway cruising is very pleasing and the bike reaches a good speed plus the comfortable seats and seating position makes Honda XR150L a gentleman’s off roader instead of an aggressive beast.
Honda XR150L comes at a price point of Rs. 6,49,900. A lot of other Chinese manufactured motorcycles available today in the market are comparatively cheaper and provide explosive performance and aggressive looks that the XR150 cannot keep up to. The XR150L believes in refined quality, reliability and efficiency provided by Honda. These features are unmatched by any other motorcycle brands in the market today. XR150L is a rather pragmatic and mature choice which is at an equilibrium of reliability and capability. Either one is riding in formals to the office or geared up for a off-road trailing expedition, the Honda XR150L is one of the very few bikes that suits both situations.